What does maxillofacial do with dental implant, the types, and how it works?
Maxillofacial surgeons play a vital role in the field of dental implants. Dental implants are a type of restorative dental procedure used to replace missing teeth and restore oral function and aesthetics. They involve the surgical placement of an artificial tooth root (implant) into the jawbone, which serves as a stable foundation for a prosthetic tooth or dental crown.
Maxillofacial surgeons are trained and experienced in performing dental implant surgery. They have a deep understanding of dental and facial anatomy, as well as the bone structure of the jaw. This expertise enables them to assess the suitability of a patient for dental implants and develop personalized treatment plans.
During a dental implant procedure, the maxillofacial surgeon carefully prepares the jawbone by creating a small incision in the gum tissue and drilling a precise hole in the bone. The dental implant, typically made of biocompatible titanium, is then inserted into the bone and allowed to fuse with it through a process called osseointegration. This integration ensures the stability and longevity of the implant.
After the implant has successfully integrated with the jawbone, a dental crown or prosthetic tooth is attached to the implant, restoring the appearance and function of the missing tooth. Maxillofacial surgeons work closely with restorative dentists and dental technicians to ensure proper alignment, bite, and aesthetics of the final dental implant restoration.
Maxillofacial surgeons also handle complex cases involving bone grafting or sinus lift procedures. In situations where the jawbone lacks adequate volume or density to support a dental implant, bone grafting techniques may be employed to augment the bone structure. Similarly, a sinus lift may be performed to create additional space in the upper jaw, allowing for the placement of dental implants.
Dental implants provide numerous benefits, including improved oral function, enhanced appearance, and increased confidence. Maxillofacial surgeons contribute their surgical expertise and specialized knowledge to ensure the successful placement and long-term success of dental implants, helping patients regain their smiles and quality of life.
An overview of dental implant surgery
Dental implant surgery is a remarkable procedure that replaces tooth roots with metal posts and restores missing or damaged teeth with lifelike artificial ones. This surgery is an excellent alternative to ill-fitting dentures or bridges when natural tooth roots are absent.
The specific process of dental implant surgery depends on the type of implant and the condition of your jawbone. It may involve multiple procedures. The greatest advantage of implants is the strong support they provide for your new teeth, as the bone securely heals around the implant. However, since this healing process takes time, the overall treatment duration can span several months.
What are the types of dental implant
There are several types of dental implants available, each designed to meet specific patient needs and oral conditions. The main types of dental implants include:
1. Endosteal Implants: Endosteal implants are the most common type of dental implants. They are placed directly into the jawbone and are typically shaped like small screws. Endosteal implants provide a strong and stable foundation for attaching a dental crown, bridge, or dentures.
2. Subperiosteal Implants: Subperiosteal implants are placed on top of the jawbone, just beneath the gum tissue. They consist of a metal framework with posts that protrude through the gums. Subperiosteal implants are used when there is insufficient bone height or volume for traditional implants.
3. All-on-4 Implants: The All-on-4 implant system is a special technique that allows for the placement of a full arch of prosthetic teeth using only four strategically positioned implants. This method is often used for patients who require full-mouth restoration.
4. Zygomatic Implants: Zygomatic implants are longer implants that are anchored in the cheekbone (zygomatic bone) rather than the jawbone. They are used when there is severe bone loss in the upper jaw, eliminating the need for bone grafting.
5. Mini Implants: Mini implants are smaller in diameter compared to traditional implants. They are used when there is limited space or bone volume and may be suitable for patients with less complex restoration needs.
It’s important to note that the specific type of dental implant recommended for a patient will depend on various factors, including the individual’s oral health, bone structure, and restoration requirements. A thorough evaluation and consultation with a qualified dental professional, such as a maxillofacial surgeon or implant dentist, is necessary to determine the most appropriate type of dental implant for each patient’s unique situation.
Why is it done?
Dental implants are a reliable solution for replacing missing teeth by surgically implanting them into your jawbone. These implants, made of titanium, fuse with the jawbone, providing a sturdy foundation that prevents slipping, noise, or damage to the bone, unlike fixed bridges or dentures. Furthermore, they are resistant to decay, unlike natural teeth that support regular bridgework.
In general, dental implants may be suitable for you if you:
- Have one or more missing teeth
- Have a fully developed jawbone
- Have sufficient bone to support the implants or are eligible for a bone graft
- Have healthy oral tissues
- Don’t have medical conditions that may hinder bone healing
- Prefer not to wear dentures
- Desire to enhance your speech
- Can dedicate several months to the treatment process
- Do not smoke tobacco
Consult with a dental professional to determine if dental implants are the right choice for you.
Risks
While dental implant surgery is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, there are some potential risks involved. It’s important to be aware of these risks, although they are rare and can often be managed effectively. The risks associated with dental implant surgery include:
1. Infection at the site of the implant.
2. Injury or damage to surrounding structures, such as nearby teeth or blood vessels.
3. Nerve damage, which may lead to pain, numbness, or tingling in your natural teeth, gums, lips, or chin.
4. Sinus problems, particularly when implants placed in the upper jaw extend into the sinus cavities.
It’s crucial to choose an experienced dental professional and follow their instructions for aftercare to minimize these risks. Your dentist or oral surgeon will discuss these potential complications with you and take the necessary precautions to ensure a successful and safe dental implant procedure.
What to expect?
Dental implant surgery is typically an outpatient procedure that is performed in stages, allowing for healing between each step. The process involves several key stages:
1. Removal of the damaged tooth, if necessary.
2. Jawbone preparation, which may involve grafting in cases where additional bone support is needed.
3. Placement of the dental implant into the jawbone.
4. Bone growth and healing, during which time the implant integrates with the surrounding bone.
5. Placement of an abutment, which serves as a connector between the implant and the artificial tooth.
6. Placement of the artificial tooth, also known as the dental crown, on top of the abutment.
The overall duration of the process can vary and may span several months. This timeframe allows for proper healing and the growth of new bone in the jaw. In some cases, certain steps may be combined depending on the individual’s specific situation or the materials used.
Your dental professional will guide you through each stage of the process and provide you with a personalized treatment plan based on your unique needs and circumstances.
When bone grafting is required
If your jawbone lacks sufficient thickness or is too soft, you may require bone grafting prior to undergoing dental implant surgery. This is essential because the forceful chewing action exerted by your mouth places significant pressure on the bone. If the bone cannot adequately support the implant, the surgery is likely to be unsuccessful. A bone graft procedure can create a stronger foundation for the implant.
There are various materials available for bone grafting to rebuild the jawbone. These options may include using natural bone grafts sourced from another part of your body or synthetic bone grafts that serve as supportive structures for new bone growth. It is important to discuss with your doctor the options that are most suitable for your specific situation.
The process of the transplanted bone growing enough new bone to provide ample support for a dental implant may take several months. In certain cases, minor bone grafting can be performed simultaneously with the implant surgery. The condition of your jawbone will determine the appropriate course of action to be taken.
Placing the dental implant
During the dental implant surgery, your oral surgeon will make an incision in your gum to expose the underlying bone. Using specialized tools, holes will be carefully drilled into the bone to create space for the dental implant metal post. The post, which will serve as the artificial tooth root, is then securely placed deep within the bone.
Following this step, there will still be a gap where your natural tooth is missing. If necessary, a partial, temporary denture can be fitted to improve your appearance during the healing process. This denture can be removed for cleaning and while you sleep, providing convenience and ease of maintenance.
Waiting for bone growth
After the placement of the metal implant post in your jawbone, a crucial process called osseointegration begins. Osseointegration refers to the fusion and integration of the dental implant with the surrounding jawbone. Over a span of several months, the jawbone grows and bonds with the surface of the implant, creating a strong and stable foundation for your new artificial tooth. This natural integration mimics the function of roots in your natural teeth, ensuring long-term stability and support for your dental restoration.
Placing the abutment
Once osseointegration is successfully achieved, the next step in the dental implant process may involve an additional minor surgery to place the abutment. This procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia.
During the abutment placement:
- Your oral surgeon will reopen the gum tissue to expose the dental implant.
- The abutment, which is the connecting piece where the crown will eventually be attached, is securely affixed to the dental implant.
- The gum tissue is then carefully closed around the abutment, ensuring proper healing.
In some cases, the abutment may be attached to the dental implant post during the initial implant surgery, eliminating the need for a separate procedure. However, this may result in the abutment being visible above the gumline, which some individuals may find undesirable. In such cases, a separate procedure for abutment placement may be preferred.
Following abutment placement, your gums will need approximately two weeks to heal before the artificial tooth can be attached, completing the dental implant restoration process.
Choosing your new artificial teeth
After your gums have healed, the process of creating your artificial tooth, known as the crown, will begin. To ensure a precise fit and natural appearance, additional impressions of your mouth and remaining teeth will be taken. However, the crown cannot be placed until your jawbone has sufficiently strengthened to support the new tooth.
You and your dental specialist will have the option to choose between removable, fixed, or a combination of both types of artificial teeth:
1. Removable: This type resembles a traditional removable denture and can be either a partial or full denture. It consists of artificial white teeth set in pink plastic gum, mounted on a metal frame that attaches to the implant abutment. The denture snaps securely into place and can be easily removed for cleaning or repairs.
2. Fixed: With this option, an artificial tooth is permanently attached to an individual implant abutment. The tooth is either screwed or cemented in place and cannot be removed for cleaning or while sleeping. Typically, each crown is connected to its own dental implant. However, in cases where multiple teeth are being replaced, they can be bridged together using a single implant due to the strength of implants.
Your dental specialist will guide you in selecting the most suitable type of artificial teeth based on your specific needs and preferences.
After the procedure
Following dental implant surgery, whether it is performed in one stage or multiple stages, it is common to experience certain discomforts similar to those associated with any dental procedure. These may include:
- Swelling of the gums and face
- Bruising of the gums and skin
- Pain at the implant site
- Minor bleeding
Your oral surgeon may prescribe pain medications or antibiotics to manage these symptoms. If you notice increased swelling, worsening discomfort, or any other concerns in the days following the surgery, it is important to contact your oral surgeon for guidance.
During the healing process, it is typically necessary to consume soft foods to avoid placing excessive pressure on the surgical site. Stitches are often used and they will either dissolve on their own or be removed by your doctor if they are non-dissolvable.
It is crucial to follow your oral surgeon’s instructions for post-operative care and attend any follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing and a successful outcome.